Sir Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore was an English amateur astronomer known for studying the Moon and creating the Caldwell Catalogue, an astronomical catalog of 109 star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies. Caldwell-Moore designed his catalog to complement Messier’s. Caldwell features some notable Northern Hemisphere objects that Messier does not include and adds deep-sky objects from the Southern Hemisphere. Sky & Telescope magazine first published the catalog in 1995. Taken together, Messier and Caldwell make an excellent “bucket list” of must-see deep-sky objects for amateur astronomers around the world.
Star cluster Nebula Galaxy
| Caldwell number |
NGC number |
Common name |
Picture |
Object type |
Distance to object in thousands of light years |
Constellation |
Apparent magnitude |
| C1 |
NGC 188 |
|
 |
Open Cluster |
4.8 |
Cepheus |
8.1 |
| C2 |
NGC 40 |
Bow-Tie Nebula |
 |
Planetary Nebula |
3.5 |
Cepheus |
11 |
| C3 |
NGC 4236 |
|
 |
Barred Spiral Galaxy |
7,000 |
Draco |
9.7 |
| C4 |
NGC 7023 |
Iris Nebula |
|
Open Cluster and Nebula |
1.4 |
Cepheus |
7 |
| C5 |
IC 342 |
|
 |
Spiral Galaxy |
10,000 |
Camelopardalis |
9 |
| C6 |
NGC 6543 |
Cat’s Eye Nebula |
 |
Planetary Nebula |
3 |
Draco |
9 |
| C7 |
NGC 2403 |
|
 |
Spiral Galaxy |
14,000 |
Camelopardalis |
8.4 |
| C8 |
NGC 559 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
3.7 |
Cassiopeia |
9.5 |
| C9 |
Sh2-155 |
Cave Nebula |
|
Nebula |
2.8 |
Cepheus |
7.7 |
| C10 |
NGC 663 |
|
 |
Open Cluster |
7.2 |
Cassiopeia |
7.1 |
| C11 |
NGC 7635 |
Bubble Nebula |
|
Nebula |
7.1 |
Cassiopeia |
– |
| C12 |
NGC 6946 |
Fireworks Galaxy |
|
Spiral Galaxy |
18,000 |
Cepheus |
8.9 |
| C13 |
NGC 457 |
Owl Cluster, E.T. Cluster |
|
Open Cluster |
– |
Cassiopeia |
6.4 |
| C14 |
NGC 869 & NGC 884 |
Double Cluster, H & χ Persei |
 |
Open Cluster |
7.3 |
Perseus |
4 |
| C15 |
NGC 6826 |
Blinking Planetary |
|
Planetary Nebula |
2.2 |
Cygnus |
10 |
| C16 |
NGC 7243 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
2.5 |
Lacerta |
6.4 |
| C17 |
NGC 147 |
|
|
Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy |
2,300 |
Cassiopeia |
9.3 |
| C18 |
NGC 185 |
|
|
Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy |
2,300 |
Cassiopeia |
9.2 |
| C19 |
IC 5146 |
Cocoon Nebula |
|
Open Cluster and Nebula |
3.3 |
Cygnus |
7.2 |
| C20 |
NGC 7000 |
North America Nebula |
|
Nebula |
1.8 |
Cygnus |
4 |
| C21 |
NGC 4449 |
|
 |
Irregular galaxy |
10,000 |
Canes Venatici |
9.4 |
| C22 |
NGC 7662 |
Blue Snowball |
|
Planetary Nebula |
3.2 |
Andromeda |
9 |
| C23 |
NGC 891 |
|
 |
Spiral Galaxy |
31,000 |
Andromeda |
10 |
| C24 |
NGC 1275 |
Perseus A |
|
Type-cD galaxy |
230,000 |
Perseus |
11.6 |
| C25 |
NGC 2419 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
275 |
Lynx |
10.4 |
| C26 |
NGC 4244 |
|
|
Spiral Galaxy |
10,000 |
Canes Venatici |
10.2 |
| C27 |
NGC 6888 |
Crescent Nebula |
|
Nebula |
4.7 |
Cygnus |
7.4 |
| C28 |
NGC 752 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
1.2 |
Andromeda |
5.7 |
| C29 |
NGC 5005 |
|
|
Spiral Galaxy |
69,000 |
Canes Venatici |
9.8 |
| C30 |
NGC 7331 |
|
|
Spiral Galaxy |
47,000 |
Pegasus |
9.5 |
| C31 |
IC 405 |
Flaming Star Nebula |
 |
Nebula |
1.6 |
Auriga |
– |
| C32 |
NGC 4631 |
Whale Galaxy |
 |
Barred Spiral Galaxy |
22,000 |
Canes Venatici |
9.3 |
| C33 |
NGC 6992 |
East Veil Nebula |
|
Supernova Remnant |
2.5 |
Cygnus |
– |
| C34 |
NGC 6960 |
West Veil Nebula |
 |
Supernova Remnant |
2.5 |
Cygnus |
– |
| C35 |
NGC 4889 |
|
|
Type-cD galaxy |
300,000 |
Coma Berenices |
11.4 |
| C36 |
NGC 4559 |
|
|
Spiral Galaxy |
32,000 |
Coma Berenices |
9.9 |
| C37 |
NGC 6885 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
1.95 |
Vulpecula |
6 |
| C38 |
NGC 4565 |
Needle Galaxy |
 |
Spiral Galaxy |
32,000 |
Coma Berenices |
9.6 |
| C39 |
NGC 2392 |
Eskimo Nebula/Clown Face Nebula |
 |
Planetary Nebula |
4 |
Gemini |
10 |
| C40 |
NGC 3626 |
|
 |
Spiral Galaxy |
86,000 |
Leo |
10.9 |
| C41 |
Mel 25 |
Hyades |
|
Open Cluster |
0.151 |
Taurus |
0.5 |
| C42 |
NGC 7006 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
135 |
Delphinus |
10.6 |
| C43 |
NGC 7814 |
|
|
Spiral Galaxy |
49,000 |
Pegasus |
10.5 |
| C44 |
NGC 7479 |
|
|
Barred Spiral Galaxy |
106,000 |
Pegasus |
11 |
| C45 |
NGC 5248 |
|
 |
Spiral Galaxy |
74,000 |
Boötes |
10.2 |
| C46 |
NGC 2261 |
Hubble’s Variable Nebula |
 |
Nebula |
2.5 |
Monoceros |
– |
| C47 |
NGC 6934 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
57 |
Delphinus |
8.9 |
| C48 |
NGC 2775 |
|
|
Spiral Galaxy |
55,000 |
Cancer |
10.3 |
| C49 |
NGC 2237 |
Rosette Nebula |
|
Nebula |
4.9 |
Monoceros |
9.0 |
| C50 |
NGC 2244 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
4.9 |
Monoceros |
4.8 |
| C51 |
IC 1613 |
|
|
Irregular galaxy |
2,300 |
Cetus |
9.3 |
| C52 |
NGC 4697 |
|
 |
Elliptical galaxy |
76,000 |
Virgo |
9.3 |
| C53 |
NGC 3115 |
Spindle Galaxy |
|
Lenticular Galaxy |
22,000 |
Sextans |
9.2 |
| C54 |
NGC 2506 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
10 |
Monoceros |
7.6 |
| C55 |
NGC 7009 |
Saturn Nebula |
|
Planetary Nebula |
1.4 |
Aquarius |
8 |
| C56 |
NGC 246 |
|
|
Planetary Nebula |
1.6 |
Cetus |
8 |
| C57 |
NGC 6822 |
Barnard’s Galaxy |
|
Barred irregular galaxy |
2,300 |
Sagittarius |
9 |
| C58 |
NGC 2360 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
3.7 |
Canis Major |
7.2 |
| C59 |
NGC 3242 |
Ghost of Jupiter |
|
Planetary Nebula |
1.4 |
Hydra |
9 |
| C60 |
NGC 4038 |
Antennae Galaxies |
|
Galaxy |
83,000 |
Corvus |
10.7 |
| C61 |
NGC 4039 |
Antennae Galaxies |
 |
Interacting galaxy |
83,000 |
Corvus |
13 |
| C62 |
NGC 247 |
|
|
Spiral Galaxy |
6,800 |
Cetus |
8.9 |
| C63 |
NGC 7293 |
Helix Nebula |
|
Planetary Nebula |
0.522 |
Aquarius |
7.3 |
| C64 |
NGC 2362 |
|
|
Open Cluster and Nebula |
5.1 |
Canis Major |
4.1 |
| C65 |
NGC 253 |
Sculptor Galaxy |
|
Galaxy |
9,800 |
Sculptor |
7.1 |
| C66 |
NGC 5694 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
113 |
Hydra |
10.2 |
| C67 |
NGC 1097 |
|
|
Galaxy |
47,000 |
Fornax |
9.3 |
| C68 |
NGC 6729 |
R CrA Nebula |
|
Nebula |
0.424 |
Corona Australis |
– |
| C69 |
NGC 6302 |
Bug Nebula |
|
Planetary Nebula |
5.2 |
Scorpius |
13 |
| C70 |
NGC 300 |
|
|
Galaxy |
3,900 |
Sculptor |
9 |
| C71 |
NGC 2477 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
3.7 |
Puppis |
5.8 |
| C72 |
NGC 55 |
|
|
Galaxy |
4,200 |
Sculptor |
8 |
| C73 |
NGC 1851 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
39.4 |
Columba |
7.3 |
| C74 |
NGC 3132 |
Eight Burst Nebula |
|
Planetary Nebula |
2 |
Vela |
8 |
| C75 |
NGC 6124 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
1.5 |
Scorpius |
5.8 |
| C76 |
NGC 6231 |
|
|
Open Cluster and Nebula |
6 |
Scorpius |
2.6 |
| C77 |
NGC 5128 |
Centaurus A |
|
Galaxy |
16,000 |
Centaurus |
7 |
| C78 |
NGC 6541 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
22.3 |
Corona Australis |
6.6 |
| C79 |
NGC 3201 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
17 |
Vela |
6.8 |
| C80 |
NGC 5139 |
Omega Centauri |
|
Globular Cluster |
17.3 |
Centaurus |
3.7 |
| C81 |
NGC 6352 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
18.6 |
Ara |
8.2 |
| C82 |
NGC 6193 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
4.3 |
Ara |
5.2 |
| C83 |
NGC 4945 |
|
|
Galaxy |
17,000 |
Centaurus |
9 |
| C84 |
NGC 5286 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
36 |
Centaurus |
7.6 |
| C85 |
IC 2391 |
Omicron Velorum Cluster |
|
Open Cluster |
0.5 |
Vela |
2.5 |
| C86 |
NGC 6397 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
7.5 |
Ara |
5.7 |
| C87 |
NGC 1261 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
55.5 |
Horologium |
8.4 |
| C88 |
NGC 5823 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
3.4 |
Circinus |
7.9 |
| C89 |
NGC 6087[note 1] |
S Norma Cluster |
|
Open Cluster |
3.3 |
Norma |
5.4 |
| C90 |
NGC 2867 |
|
|
Planetary Nebula |
5.5 |
Carina |
10 |
| C91 |
NGC 3532 |
Wishing Well Cluster |
|
Open Cluster |
1.6 |
Carina |
3 |
| C92 |
NGC 3372 |
Eta Carinae Nebula |
|
Nebula |
7.5 |
Carina |
3 |
| C93 |
NGC 6752 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
13 |
Pavo |
5.4 |
| C94 |
NGC 4755 |
Jewel Box |
|
Open Cluster |
4.9 |
Crux |
4.2 |
| C95 |
NGC 6025 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
2.5 |
Triangulum Australe |
5.1 |
| C96 |
NGC 2516 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
1.3 |
Carina |
3.8 |
| C97 |
NGC 3766 |
Pearl Cluster |
|
Open Cluster |
5.8 |
Centaurus |
5.3 |
| C98 |
NGC 4609 |
|
|
Open Cluster |
4.2 |
Crux |
6.9 |
| C99 |
– |
Coalsack Nebula |
|
Dark Nebula |
0.61 |
Crux |
– |
| C100 |
IC 2944 |
Lambda Centauri Nebula |
|
Open Cluster and Nebula |
6 |
Centaurus |
4.5 |
| C101 |
NGC 6744 |
|
|
Galaxy |
34,000 |
Pavo |
9 |
| C102 |
IC 2602 |
Theta Car Cluster |
|
Open Cluster |
0.492 |
Carina |
1.9 |
| C103 |
NGC 2070 |
Tarantula Nebula |
|
Open Cluster and Nebula |
170 |
Dorado |
8.2 |
| C104 |
NGC 362 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
27.7 |
Tucana |
6.6 |
| C105 |
NGC 4833 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
19.6 |
Musca |
7.4 |
| C106 |
NGC 104 |
47 Tucanae |
|
Globular Cluster |
14.7 |
Tucana |
4 |
| C107 |
NGC 6101 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
49.9 |
Apus |
9.3 |
| C108 |
NGC 4372 |
|
|
Globular Cluster |
18.9 |
Musca |
7.8 |
| C109 |
NGC 3195 |
|
|
Planetary Nebula |
5.4 |
Chamaeleon |
11.6 |
| |
|
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